2nd-5th Grade IEP Present Levels of Performance & Assessments
Updated: December 17, 2025. Reviewer: Dr. Rose Sebastian, Ed.D.
PreK-2 Grades
Present Levels & Assessments
2-5 Grade Writing
Present Levels & Assessments
2-5 Grade Reading
Present Levels & Assessments
2-5 Grade Mathematics
Present Levels & Assessments
Understanding Present Levels
This page is a complement to our page on our state-by-state guide to reading present level sections. While the other pages delve into sample present levels and assessments for content areas, this page provides an overview of what they are, why they matter, and what it means to write them well!
Present levels, also known as PLOPs or PLAAFPS, are the descriptive part of an IEP. They are where you tell a story about exactly what a student can do today in their academics, socioemotional functioning, motor skills, and speech and communication. Done right, they set up the goals, which flow from areas where the student is now weak, and the supports that the student will receive over the next year.
IDEA, the federal law for special education, specifies that you need to include present levels but is pretty vague on what needs to be included. In 34 C.F.R. § 300.320(a)(1)(i) IDEA says that IEPs need to include:
The other sections linked at the top have examples of sections of academic present levels. Here’s an example of what one might look like– note that this is long! This box can be broken into multiple paragraphs– you don’t have to squish everything into one short paragraph!
Nathan is decoding and reading on his own at an early third grade level (DRA 28- 97% accuracy, DRA 30-95% accuracy). Nathan reads each word by word and will often skip unfamiliar words. He can read CVC words, words with blends, and words with digraphs proficiently. He can read long vowel words with 60% accuracy and words with vowel diphthongs with 40% accuracy. Nathan had good comprehension on the beginning of third grade level text. He referred to all characters by name, and provided insightful responses to teacher questions and prompts after reading the story. In class, Nathan does well on comprehension the day the story is read in class but struggles to remember it after a few days. When he reads multiple books on the same topic, his retention improves.
In terms of writing, Nathan prefers handwriting over typing and can write a basic story. Nathan begins his sentences with proper punctuation and uses correct sentence endings 90% of the time. He is able to spell consonant and short vowels with over 90% accuracy. Nathan is still working on spelling digraphs, blends, and long vowel patterns. He is able to do simple writing assignments on his own but needs lots of support for longer assignments and with typing.
Math is the most challenging subject for Nathan. He can add and subtract one-digit numbers consistently and can solve two-digit problems with 50% accuracy. He can solve word problems with addition facts if the phrasing is simple, but needs support with more challenging problems and with showing his work. He knows his zeros and ones multiplication facts. In class, he is very confident on review materials but not on new material. He will ask a friend for help and will ask the teacher as well.
Here are examples of a what a socioemotional present levels might sound like….
- Angel gets along well with his peers. He likes to talk to people and to make them laugh. He is physically safe at school and generally respectful. He struggles with sustained attention in both whole group and small group settings and needs constant reminders to stay focused and on task. Even one on one during testing he struggled with maintaining focus during the test and was always trying to make the test more interesting—adding games, starting side conversations, jumping up to look for a friend. He loves to read and is participating more in the classroom.
- Paola is sweet, respectful, and very social with her peers. She interacts well at recess and in groups. Paola is inconsistently able to advocate for herself. Sometimes she will ask for help with an activity and other times she either will do nothing or copy from a partner. She has trouble remembering who
people are or how to get to places on campus and will ask for help sometimes and just be lost other times. - Diana is incredibly sweet, respectful, and kind. She gets along well with her peers and lights up when she does well in a group. She is very shy and needs to be drawn out to share in a group.
- Leena is proud of the fact that she is nice, kind, and friendly. She is very quiet in class. During testing, she often needed between two and four minutes to come up with answers to problems. She often had the right answer in the end, but needed extensive wait time to come up with it. She doesn’t speak up for herself or ask for help either in the classroom or in the testing environment.
- Omar is kind to his peers and gets along well with others. He has good manners and wants to do well in school. He is aware of his strengths and weaknesses. His favorite subject is art and dislikes math. In whole group, he is sometimes nervous about being called on but he is more confident in the small group. Sometimes he is slow to start tasks in the classroom. He can be fidgety and needs to move around a lot. He asks to go to the bathroom when he thinks the work is hard.
Here are examples of a what a socioemotional present levels might sound like….
- Angel gets along well with his peers. He likes to talk to people and to make them laugh. He is physically safe at school and generally respectful. He struggles with sustained attention in both whole group and small group settings and needs constant reminders to stay focused and on task. Even one on one during testing he struggled with maintaining focus during the test and was always trying to make the test more interesting—adding games, starting side conversations, jumping up to look for a friend. He loves to read and is participating more in the classroom.
- Paola is sweet, respectful, and very social with her peers. She interacts well at recess and in groups. Paola is inconsistently able to advocate for herself. Sometimes she will ask for help with an activity and other times she either will do nothing or copy from a partner. She has trouble remembering who people are or how to get to places on campus and will ask for help sometimes and just be lost other times.
- Diana is incredibly sweet, respectful, and kind. She gets along well with her peers and lights up when she does well in a group. She is very shy and needs to be drawn out to share in a group.
- Leena is proud of the fact that she is nice, kind, and friendly. She is very quiet in class. During testing, she often needed between two and four minutes to come up with answers to problems. She often had the right answer in the end, but needed extensive wait time to come up with it. She doesn’t speak up for herself or ask for help either in the classroom or in the testing environment.
- Omar is kind to his peers and gets along well with others. He has good manners and wants to do well in school. He is aware of his strengths and weaknesses. His favorite subject is art and dislikes math. In whole group, he is sometimes nervous about being called on but he is more confident in the small group. Sometimes he is slow to start tasks in the classroom. He can be fidgety and needs to move around a lot. He asks to go to the bathroom when he thinks the work is hard.
If a student has related services for any of these areas, you are in luck and the related services provider will complete them. If not, you will need to fill out these sections.
Here are a few tips:
- Never write N/A! Briefly describe what a student can do.
- If a student is strong in these areas, write that! IEPs are often really depressing to read so use this as your upbeat opportunity.
- If you are concerned about a potential deficit in one of these areas, consult with a related service provider BEFORE the meeting! If you can’t and you list a possible deficit in one of these areas, you need to put consultation with the provider in the team action sections as a meeting follow up.
Here are a few examples of what these might sound like:
- Communication: Liana is able to make her wants and needs known at school. Her family reports that communication is an area of strength for Liana.
- Functional skills: Liana is able to take care of her personal needs at school and, per family report, at home. She reports helping her family by washing dishes and helping prepare meals.
- Motor skills: Liana has excellent handwriting and is a strong four-square player at school. She reports that PE is her favorite class.

Middle School IEP Goal Book & Creator

High School IEP Goal Book & Creator

Elementary School IEP Goal Book & Creator

Skill #0: Course Introduction

Socio-Emotional Goal Bank

Skill #1: Go to Class

Skill #2: Limit Screen Time

