PreK-2 IEP Present Levels of Performance & Assessments

Present levels, also known as PLOPs or PLAAFPS, are the descriptive part of an IEP. They are where you tell a story about exactly what a student can do today in their academics, socioemotional functioning, motor skills, and speech and communication. Done right, they set up the goals, which flow from areas where the student is now weak, and the supports that the student will receive over the next year. 

IDEA, the federal law for special education, specifies that you need to include present levels but is pretty vague on what needs to be included. IDEA just says that IEPs need to include:

Many districts include a box for socioemotional skills in the present levels section. This is where you describe the student’s soft skills, from their class participation to their organization. This section also sets up all of your socioemotional goals so getting it right matters! Here are some skills you might discuss:

• Attendance: Is attendance a strength? A need?
• Class participation: Is the student an active participant? Quiet in class? Someone with great ideas and a tendency to shout them out?
• Conflict management and safety: Are there peer issues at schools? Issues of physical safety? If so, they go here!
• Work completion and organization: How much homework or classwork gets completed? How does the student do with starting tasks and sustaining attention? What about their desk and backpack? What do they look like?
• Self-advocacy: How much does the student advocate for their own needs? Do they ask for help (too much? not enough?) What about asking for or using their supports in class?
• Self-regulation: What happens when the student is upset? Anxious? How much do their emotions shape their academic experience?
• Social skills: Does the student have friends? What happens in their peer interactions?

All of this– and more– can go into a socio-emotional present level!

Here are examples of a what a socioemotional present levels might sound like….

• Angel gets along well with his peers. He likes to talk to people and to make them laugh. He
  is physically safe at school and generally respectful. He struggles with sustained attention in both whole
  group and small group settings and needs constant reminders to stay focused and on task. Even one on
  one during testing he struggled with maintaining focus during the test and was always trying to make the
  test more interesting—adding games, starting side conversations, jumping up to look for a friend. He
  loves to read and is participating more in the classroom.
• Paola is sweet, respectful, and very social with her peers. She interacts well at recess and in groups.
  Paola is inconsistently able to advocate for herself. Sometimes she will ask for help with an activity
  and other times she either will do nothing or copy from a partner. She has trouble remembering who
  people are or how to get to places on campus and will ask for help sometimes and just be lost other
  times.
• Diana is incredibly sweet, respectful, and kind. She gets along well with her peers and lights up when
  she does well in a group. She is very shy and needs to be drawn out to share in a group.
• Leena is proud of the fact that she is nice, kind, and friendly. She is very quiet in class. During testing, she often needed between two and four minutes to come up
  with answers to problems. She often had the right answer in the end, but needed extensive wait time to
  come up with it. She doesn’t speak up for herself or ask for help either in the classroom or in the testing
  environment.
• Omar is kind to his peers and gets along well with others. He has good manners and wants to do well
  in school. He is aware of his strengths and weaknesses. His favorite subject is art and dislikes math. In
  whole group, he is sometimes nervous about being called on but he is more confident in the small group.
  Sometimes he is slow to start tasks in the classroom. He can be fidgety and needs to move around a lot.
  He asks to go to the bathroom when he thinks the work is hard.

If a student has related services for any of these areas, you are in luck and the related services provider will complete them. If not, you will need to fill out these sections. 

Here are a few tips:

• Never write N/A! Briefly describe what a student can do.
• If a student is strong in these areas, write that! IEPs are often really depressing to read so use this as your upbeat opportunity.
• If you are concerned about a potential deficit in one of these areas, consult with a related service provider BEFORE the meeting! If you can’t and you list a possible deficit in one of these areas, you need to put consultation with the provider in the team action sections as a meeting follow up.

Here are a few examples of what these might sound like:

• Communication: Liana is able to make her wants and needs known at school. Her family reports that communication is an area of strength for Liana.
• Functional skills: Liana is able to take care of her personal needs at school and, per family report, at home. She reports helping her family by washing dishes and helping prepare meals.
• Motor skills: Liana has excellent handwriting and is a strong four-square player at school. She reports that PE is her favorite class. 

The other sections linked at the top have examples of sections of academic present levels. Here’s an example of what one might look like– note that this is long! This box can be broken into multiple paragraphs– you don’t have to squish everything into one short paragraph! Also note that you can start the present levels with the subject where the student is the strongest to emphasize the student’s strengths!

Math is D’Andre’s strength and his number sense is at grade level, although he needs support with addition and subtraction. D’Andre can count past a hundred by ones, fives, and tens. He can also identify numbers to 100 and order numbers from least to greatest up to 100 as well. D’Andre prefers to solve addition fact problems in his head, which he can do with 50% accuracy. He is more accurate with blocks but doesn’t like to use them. He can solve subtraction fact problems if the pictures are already drawn out. When read basic addition and subtraction word problems that have pictures of the objects mentioned, D’Andre can solve the addition word problems with 66% accuracy. He knows all of his colors and shapes and can tell time to the hour.

D’Andre is reading at a mid-kindergarten level. He knows all of his letters and 42 of the PreK Dolch sight words. He can read a DRA 6 text with 93% accuracy and a DRA 8 text with 80% accuracy. He can isolate the beginning and end sounds in words but needs support at identifying rhyming words, which he can do with 50% accuracy. His understanding of text is at an early first grade level if the text is read to him. D’Andre is understanding text at a late kinder to early first grade level. After being read a DRA 10 (beginning of first grade) text, D’Andre was able to give a story retell with only one prompt that included all of the characters and the main events of the story. There was no problem in the story for him to identify. When he was read a mid-first grade level story (DRA 16), D’Andre struggled with talking about the story. He was able to identify one of the two characters and one event from the story. Other than thathe added events to the story that didn’t happen or said, “I don’t remember.”

D’Andre can draw a picture and write two story sentences that match the picture. He tries to use periods in his writing and capitalizes the first letter of a sentence as well as the letter “d.” He uses simple sight words in his spelling and does not use invented spelling. In class, he needs significant support to produce written work. He can write all of his letters and spell the beginning and final consonant sounds in CVC words with 100% accuracy and medial vowel sounds with 80% accuracy.